ISSN : 1229-6783(Print)
ISSN : 2288-1484(Online)
ISSN : 2288-1484(Online)
Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science Vol.15 No.4 pp.123-129
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2013.15.4.123
DOI : https://doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2013.15.4.123
4륜 운반차 수직형 손잡이에서 인간공학적 최적 높이 및 간격 결정
Ergonomic Optimization of the Handle Height and Distance for the Two-Vertical Type Handles of the 4-Wheel Cart
Received October 20, 2013; Revision Received December 9, 2013; Accepted December 9, 2013.
Abstract
Among various manual materials handling tasks, pushing/pulling was known to be one of the risk factors for thelow back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to find out an optimal solutionset of the handle height and distance for 4-wheel cart with two vertical handles. Ten male college studentsparticipated in the pushing force measurement experiment. The face-centered cube design, one of the centralcomposite designs, was applied for the experiment, and the isometric voluntary pushing force was measured in 9treatment conditions. The second order response surface model was predicted by using the pushing strength as aresponse variable, and the handle height and distance as independent factors. According to the 2nd order responsemodel, the handle height and distance showed nonlinear relationship with the isometric pushing strength. Tomaximize the 2nd order response model (pushing force), the handle height and distance were optimized. Theoptimal handle height was 'xyphoid process height - stature’, and the optimal handle distance was ‘1.25*shoulderwidth’. When calculated using the anthropometric data of the subjects of this study, the optimal handle height was115.4 ± 3.4 cm, slightly higher than the elbow height, and the handle distance was 52.9 ± 2.3 cm.
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13.Lee, K.S., Chaffin, D.B., Herrin, G.D., Waiker, A.M.(1991), "Effect of handle height on lower-back loading in cart pushing and pulling." Applied Ergono mics, 22:117-123
14.Hoozemans, M.J.M., Kuijer, P.P.F.M., Knigma, I., van Dieen, J.H., de Vries, W.H.D., van der Woude, L.H.V., Veeger, D.J., van deer Beek, A.J. Frings- Dresen, M.H.W.(2004), "Mechanical loading of the low back and shoulders during pushing and pulling activities.", Ergonomics, 47: 1-18
15.Das, B., Wimpee, J., Das, B.(2002), "Ergono mics evaluation and redesign of a hospital meal cart.", Applied Ergonomics, 33:309-318
16.Jansen, J.P., Hoozemans, M.J.M., van der Beek, A.J., Frings-Dresen, M.H.W. (2002), "Evaluation of ergonomic adjust ments of catering carts to reduce exter nal pushing forces.", Applied Ergono mics, 33:117-127
17.Lin J.H., McGorry R.W., Chang, C.C. (2012), "Effects of handle orientation and between-ha ndle distance on bi- manual isometric push strength.", Appli ed Ergonomics, 43:664-670
18.Okunribido, O.O., Haslegrave, C.M. (2008), "Ready steady push - a study of the role of arm posture in manual exertions.", Ergonomics 51: 192-216
19.Tiwari, P.S., Gite, L.P., Majumder, J., Pharade, S.C., Singh, V.V.(2010), "Push/ pull strength of agricultural workers in central India.", Interna tional Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40:1-7
20.Kumar, S.(1995), "Upper body push- pull strength of normal young adults in sagittal plane at three heights.", Inter national Journal of Industrial Ergono mics, 15:427-436
2.Plouvier, S., Renahy, E., Chastang, J.F., Bonenfant, S., Leclerc, A.(2008), "Biome chanical strains and low back disorders: quantifying the effects of the number of years of exposure on various types of pain." Occupational Environ mental Meddi cine, 65:268-274
3.Harkness, E.F., Macfarlane, G.J., Nahit, E.S., Silman, A.J., McBeth, J.(2003), "Mechanical and psychosocial factors predict new onset shoulder pain; a prospective cohort study of newly em ployed workers." Occupational Environ mental Meddicine, 6:850-857
4.Garcin, M., Cravic, J.Y., Vandewalle, H., Monod, H.(1996), "Physiological strains while pushing or hauling." European Jour nal of Applied Physiology, 72:478- 482
5.Garg A, Waters T, Kapellusch J, Karwowski W.(2012), "Psychophysical basis for maximum pushing and pulling forces: A review and recommendations." International Journal of Indust rial Ergono mics, In Press, Corrected Proof, Avail able online 11 October 2012
6.Baril-Gingras, G., Lortie, M.(1995), "The handling of objects other than boxes: univariate analysis of handling techniques in large transport compan y." Ergonomics, 38:905-925
7.Mack, K., Haslegrave, C.M., Gray, M.I.(1995), "Usability of manual handling aids for transpo rting materials." Applied Ergonnomics, 26: 353-364
8.Al-Eisawi, K.W., Kerk, C.J., Congleton, J.J., Amendola, A.A., Jenkins, O.C., Gaines, W.G.(1999), "Factors affecting minimum push and pull forces of manual carts." Applied Ergonomics 30:235–245
9.Van der Beek, A.J., Kluver, B.D.R., Frings-Dres en, M.H.W., Hoozemans, M.J.M.(2000), "Gender differences in exerted forces and physiological load during pushing and pulling of wheeled cages by postal workers." Ergonomics, 42:269–281
10.Ciriello, V.M., McGorry, R.W., Martin, S.E., 2001. Maximum acceptable horizon tal and vertical forces of dynamic pushing on high and lowcoefficient of friction floors. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 27:1–8
11.Warwick, D., Novak, G., Schultz, A., Berkson, M.(1980), "Maximum voluntary strengths of male adults in some lifting, pushing and pulling activities." Ergono mics, 23:49-54
12.Chaffin, D.B., Anderson, G.B.J., Martin, B.J.(1999), "Occupational Biomechanics", third ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
13.Lee, K.S., Chaffin, D.B., Herrin, G.D., Waiker, A.M.(1991), "Effect of handle height on lower-back loading in cart pushing and pulling." Applied Ergono mics, 22:117-123
14.Hoozemans, M.J.M., Kuijer, P.P.F.M., Knigma, I., van Dieen, J.H., de Vries, W.H.D., van der Woude, L.H.V., Veeger, D.J., van deer Beek, A.J. Frings- Dresen, M.H.W.(2004), "Mechanical loading of the low back and shoulders during pushing and pulling activities.", Ergonomics, 47: 1-18
15.Das, B., Wimpee, J., Das, B.(2002), "Ergono mics evaluation and redesign of a hospital meal cart.", Applied Ergonomics, 33:309-318
16.Jansen, J.P., Hoozemans, M.J.M., van der Beek, A.J., Frings-Dresen, M.H.W. (2002), "Evaluation of ergonomic adjust ments of catering carts to reduce exter nal pushing forces.", Applied Ergono mics, 33:117-127
17.Lin J.H., McGorry R.W., Chang, C.C. (2012), "Effects of handle orientation and between-ha ndle distance on bi- manual isometric push strength.", Appli ed Ergonomics, 43:664-670
18.Okunribido, O.O., Haslegrave, C.M. (2008), "Ready steady push - a study of the role of arm posture in manual exertions.", Ergonomics 51: 192-216
19.Tiwari, P.S., Gite, L.P., Majumder, J., Pharade, S.C., Singh, V.V.(2010), "Push/ pull strength of agricultural workers in central India.", Interna tional Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 40:1-7
20.Kumar, S.(1995), "Upper body push- pull strength of normal young adults in sagittal plane at three heights.", Inter national Journal of Industrial Ergono mics, 15:427-436
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